Продолжу тему описанием казней и наказаний (не пыток), "дабы неповадно было"... Все это разных эпох, единоразово не применялось. Относительно казней в эпоху Цин отсылаю к Бичурину.
Вообще, перевести с английского не успел, за что извиняюсь, но, думаю, все разберутся:
1) Skin-Slicing (Bo Pi 剥皮)
This means slicing and cutting away the skin of a person until he dies. When slicing the skin, one starts off from the back spine and cut the skin into half, slowly separating the skin away from the muscle. After slicing the skin, the skins were hanged outside the Judicial Court as a deterent warning. In earlier times, skin-slicing was done after a person die. But later it developed into "live" skin-slicing.
2) Waist Tearing/Chopping (Yao Zhan 腰 斩 )
This involves cutting a person's body into half (top and bottom) by chopping the waist. Because most of the organs are in top body, the prisoner will not die immediately. After chopping, one has to wait for some time before the executed dies.
Emperor Yongle (of Ming dynasty) was said to execute Fang Xiaoru 方孝孺 using waist chopping. It was said that after the chopping, Fang still crawled on the ground and use blood on his hand to write the word "upsurp throne" 12 times before dying.
3. Chariot-tearing (Che Lie 车 裂 )
Also known as "5 horses tearing the body" (五马分尸). Simply tie each rope onto the head, the two hands, and two legs of the prisoner. Then connect 5 ropes to 5 horses or chariots respectively. Allow 5 horses to gallop away in 5 different directions, and thereby tearing a person's body into 6 parts. The famous legalist Lord Shang Yang during was executed by this method during the warring states period.
Chopping away the hands and legs take much effort, let alone tearing them apart. One can feel the great pain undergone during this tearing.
4. Five Cutting (Juwu Xing 俱五刑)
This means cutting away the head, feet, hands, ears as well as gorge out the eyes. Normally, only after a person is killed will one cut away the head, hands and feets. After that, cut the body into 3 pieces.
During Western Han dynasty, after Liu Bang's death, Empress Lu arrested his concubines and execute them by cutting away the head, legs, feet and gorge out their eyes and threw them into pig's pen to feed the pigs.
5. Mincing (Ling Ci 凌 迟 )
The earliest practice was to cut and mince a person's body into "body mince" after a person was killed. This was known as "hai3 醢".
Later it developed into "Live" mincing. During the execution, the executioner will slice many cut onto the body till the person dies.
It was said that there were two executioner executing the person. One has to slice from the leg 1,000 times, which means cutting away 1,000 pieces of flesh till the person die.
According to Ming history, the execution of the eunuch Liu Jing 刘谨 took some 3 days before he died. This is one of the execution punishment during Ming and Qing dynasty.
6. Hanging (Yishou 缢 首)
A common practice in China esp. for those who had past contribution to the nation.
E.g. Yuefei
7. Boiling (Peng Zhu 烹 煮)
This involves putting the prisoner in a big pot. The big pot is filled with water and placed onto a stack of woods/charcoals to burn and heat up. As the water boils and heats up, the prisoner is boiled to death.
8. Castration (Gong Xing 宫 刑 )
This involves cutting away the sexual organ of a man and allow one to bleed to death.
9. Cutting away the legs (Yue Xing 刖 刑 )
This involves cutting the legs. E.g. Sun Bin during Warring States
10. Needling (Cha Zheng 插 针)
Use a needle to poke and pierce the fingers
11. Live Burial (Huo Mai 活 埋)
Use mostly during war times. Prisoners are buried in the ground and die because they cannot breath.
During war time, prisoners of war were asked to dig the ground. Sometimes, the prisoners of war were killed and then pushed into the ground.
12. Poisoning (Zhen Du 鸩 毒 )
This involves letting the prisoner drink the poisonous wine and die.
13. Impaling (Gun Xing 棍 刑)
This involves using the staff and pierce it through one's mouth or anus. Half way through the piercing, the intestines would have been broken letting the prisoner die.
14. Sawing (Ju Ge 锯 割)
Use the saw and saw a person till death.
15. Break the vertebra (Duan Zhui 断 椎 )
This involves breaking the vertebra. Once the vertebra is broken, the person dies.
16. Lead Injection (Guan Qian 灌 铅 )
Melt the lead till 232 degree celsius, then pour the lead into a person's mouth. Once the lead reaches the stomach, it will solidify and expand. Because this heavy metal exerted a strong downward force on the body, the person dies immediately.
17. Combing and Brushing (Shu Xi 梳 洗)
were torn out till one dies.This is not the combing of hair, but a cruel execution. This involves using metal brush (with sharp pieces) to comb onto the body. As it combs, several pieces of the flesh It was said the inventor of this execution was Zhu Yuanzhang, 1st Emperor of Ming dynasty.
